When 2 aircraft are to close and are on the way to collide, the controller must order an avoiding action.

Most of the time, a normal spacing between aircraft is 5 NM laterally, 1000 ft vertically.

The order must start with the word IMMEDIATELY. This advises the pilots the order is an avoiding action and has to be executed immediately. The pilots use the full capacities of the aircraft to execute the given instructions. The word IMMEDIATELY is supposed clear enough to indicate the pilot that a danger is imminent.

"IMMEDIATELY turn left/right... or climb/descend... to avoid traffic (position)."

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