L5 - Airspaces25-11-2005 | |
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L5 - Airspaces25-11-2005 | |
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1 - Flight information regions : Most of the time, the national airspace is divided in lower airspace and upper airspace. The limit may vary from one country to another (FL 195 in France, Belgium, Switzerland, FL 245 in UK, Tunisia...). Some countries doesn't make any difference between upper and lower airspace (Egypt, Turkey...). Each country has usually one or several Flight Information Region (FIR) in lower airspace. Each FIR has at least one ACC or ARTCC (Area Control Center / Air Route Traffic Control Center) known on IVAO as CTR (LFFF_CTR, EDDF_CTR, LAX_CTR...). One or several Upper Flight Information Regions (UIR) can be found in upper airspace above FIRs with some UACCs (Upper Area Control Center) usually known on IVAO as UP_CTR. Example : FRANCE - 5 FIRs / 1 UIR UIR France from FL 195 to unlimited - FRA_UP_CTR FIR Paris from surface to FL 195 - LFFF_CTR FIR Marseille from surface to FL 195 - LFMM_CTR FIR Reims from surface to FL 195 - LFEE_CTR FIR Brest from surface to FL 195 - LFRR_CTR FIR Bordeaux from surface to FL 195 - LFBB_CTR These flight information regions include some controlled airspaces and other specific status airspaces (restricted, dangerous and prohibited areas). 2 - Controlled Airspaces : These airspaces consist of Control Areas (CTA) and Control Zones (CTR or CTZ). Caution - do not mix up the zone named CTR (control zone) and the control position called CTR (center). The acronyms are the same but the significance is quite different. a) Control Areas - CTA : A CTA is a controlled airspace which lower limit is never the surface. VFR flights should remain able to fly below a CTA. Some control areas are called : UTA = Upper Traffic Area in upper airspace for high altitude navigation (middle to long range) including high altitude airways. AWY = Airways in lower airspace for low altitude navigation. TMA = Terminal Area covering one or several airports and including departure/arrival routes to/from those airports. OCA = Oceanic Control Area for oceanic navigation b) Control Zones - CTR or CTZ : A CTR is a controlled airspace covering one or several airports and protecting the traffics to/from those airports. It extends from the surface to an upper limit which is usually : - the lower limit of the CTA located above the CTR. - about 3000 ft above surface when no CTA is located above. c) Specialized controlled airspaces : On your maps, you may find some S/CTA, S/CTR... where S stands for "specialized". A specialized controlled airspace is an airspace where air traffic services are provided by military controllers to both civilian and military traffics. 2 - Specific status airspaces - RDP areas : These airspaces consist of Restricted areas (R), Dangerous areas (D) and Prohibited areas (P) also known as RDP areas. They are apart from the airspace classification system shown below. They usually have specified hours of operation. However, military RDP areas may be activated anytime with very short notice and some others (military or not) even are activated 24 hours a day. Those areas are designated by the relevant letter and a number (examples : R108 - D318 - P15). a) Restricted areas - R : Areas into which flights are subject to specified rules due to a specific activity (military flights, low level corridors for military jets, flight training, protection of historic buildings, satellite communication centers, nuclear powerplants...). You must comply with the penetration conditions indicated into flight information publications. b) Dangerous areas - D : Areas into which flights may be endangered by a specific activity (air or ground firing, military jet combat training, intensive industrial activity...). You must comply with the penetration conditions indicated into flight information publications. c) Prohibited areas - P : Areas into which flights are prohibited unless approved by the relevant authority.
Annex - Airspace classifications (this is for information regions and controlled airspaces - RDP areas have no classification)
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